The difficulties in processing austenitic stainless steel
Publisher：Jiangsu Farrand Metal Products Co., Ltd. Release time：2025-07-08 13:40:14 Number of clicks：
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Wuxi Stainless Steel Sales and Processing Company briefly discusses the precautions and difficulties in stainless steel processing. This type of material has high strength, and during cutting, the tangential stress and plastic deformation are large, thus resulting in a large cutting force. In addition, the material has extremely poor thermal conductivity, causing the cutting temperature to rise. Moreover, the high temperature is often concentrated in a narrow and long area near the cutting edge of the tool, thereby accelerating the wear of the tool.
Austenitic stainless steel and some high-temperature alloy stainless steels are all of austenitic structure. During cutting, they have a strong tendency to work harden, usually several times that of ordinary carbon steel. When the tool cuts in the work-hardened area, the tool life is shortened.
Both austenitic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel have the characteristics of strong and tough chips and very high cutting temperatures during processing. When tough chips flow over the rake face, phenomena such as adhesion and welding will occur, affecting the surface roughness of the machined parts.
The above-mentioned materials generally contain high-melting-point elements and have high plasticity, resulting in high cutting temperatures. This accelerates tool wear, leads to frequent grinding and tool changing, thereby affecting production efficiency and increasing the cost of tool usage.
Processing technology of stainless steel parts
1. Drilling processing
Boring processing
For the processing of quenched parts made of such materials, CBN (cubic boron nitride) inserts can be used. The hardness of CBN is second only to that of diamond, reaching 7000 to 8000HV, so it has very high wear resistance. Compared with diamond, the prominent advantage of CBN is that its heat resistance is much higher than that of diamond, up to 1200℃, and it can withstand very high cutting temperatures. In addition, it has a high chemical inertness and does not undergo chemical reactions with iron group metals at 1200 to 1300 degrees Celsius. Therefore, it is very suitable for processing stainless steel materials. Its tool life is dozens of times that of hard alloy or ceramic tools.
When boring stainless steel materials with ceramic tools, in the vast majority of cases, the ceramic tools are cut with a negative rake Angle. The size of the rake Angle is generally selected to be -5° to -12°. This is conducive to strengthening the cutting edge and giving full play to the superiority of ceramic cutting tools in terms of high compressive strength. The size of the relief Angle directly affects tool wear and also has an impact on the strength of the cutting edge. Generally, 5° to 12° is selected. The change of the principal deflection Angle will affect the variation of the radial cutting component force and the axial cutting component force, as well as the size of the cutting width and cutting thickness. Since the vibration of the process system is extremely detrimental to ceramic cutting tools, the selection of the main deflection Angle should be conducive to reducing such vibration, and generally 30° to 75° is chosen. When CBN is selected as the tool material, the geometric parameters of the tool are as follows: rake Angle 0° to 10°, relief Angle 12° to 20°, and main deflection Angle 45° to 90°.
(4) The cutting edge of the tool should be kept sharp to reduce work hardening. The feed rate and depth of cut should not be too small to prevent the tool from cutting in the hardened layer, which may affect the service life of the tool. www.boismarinecreation.com
(6) Selection of cutting parameters: According to the characteristics of stainless steel materials, it is advisable to use low speed and large feed rate for cutting during processing.
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