Why is 310S stainless steel used in high-temperature environments?

The outstanding applicability of 310S stainless steel in high-temperature environments stems from its unique material properties and engineering performance. The following is an analysis from two dimensions: core performance and typical applications:
I. Core high-temperature performance advantages
Antioxidant property
High chromium-nickel content (Cr:24-26%, Ni:19-22%) forms dense Cr at high temperatures? O? Oxide film, maintaining the integrity of the material. The measured data show that
Below 800℃ : Fully oxidation-resistant grade, with extremely low oxidation rate;
1150℃ : It can still be used continuously (for a short period), but the oxidation rate doubles after exceeding 1100℃.
Compared with 304 stainless steel, its oxidation rate at 900℃ (0.03mm/ year) is only 1/8 of the latter.
High-temperature strength stability
At 800℃, the tensile strength is greater than 120MPa, and the creep strength is significantly better than that of common austenitic steel.
At 1000℃, the strength drops to 35MPa, still meeting the requirements of short-term high-temperature operations.
Long-term service limit: It is recommended to be ≤800℃ (10,000 hours of persistent stress 33.39MPa).
Organizational stability
Nickel stabilizes the austenite structure without decomposition at 1200℃, and the ultra-low carbon design (C≤0.08%) eliminates the risk of intergranular corrosion.
Ii. Typical high-temperature Application Scenarios
Energy and chemical equipment
Petroleum cracking furnace tubes (designed service life of 100,000 hours at 950℃)
Boiler superheaters and heat exchangers (resistant to 900℃ flue gas corrosion).
Environmental protection and heat treatment equipment
Inner cylinder of waste incinerator (chloride ion corrosion-resistant version)
Heat treatment furnace roller conveyor, carburizing furnace tank (periodic heating at 1150℃).
Emerging fields
Photovoltaic single crystal furnace thermal field component (extended service life in combination with aluminizing process)
Sealing parts for hydrogen storage tanks (elongation at 70MPa hydrogen pressure remains at 18%).
Iii. Use Restriction Warnings
Temperature red line: Avoid long-term service above 1150℃ (the risk of oxidation and spalling increases dramatically).
Environmental contraindications: Reducing sulfides or polysulfuric acid media may cause corrosion.
Processing constraints: The cold deformation rate should be ≤15% to prevent hydrogen embrittlement.
In conclusion, 310S stainless steel achieves a balance between high-temperature oxidation and strength through a chromium-nickel alloy system, making it the preferred material for industrial hot-end components in the 800 to 1150 ° C range. However, its ultimate operating conditions must strictly match the material's characteristic boundaries.

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